The predominant paradigms of programming have not changed much: we can write "procedural" programs or "object-oriented" ones, we can use a Graphic User Interface tool to do most, and many languages that began as primarily step-based can now be written as object-oriented programs.
Today there are about 40-something languages, with varying levels of use--some are old and "legacy" languages that no one really knows anymore, while others are quite new and growing every day.
Probably, the most common languages in use now are:
To give you an idea of how languages have evolved, you can view this map that traces the history from beginning to the present.
(Note: this is a PDF file, make sure you have Adobe Reader installed before clicking on it, otherwise this will be sad and anti-climactic for you.)
